This report examines the implementation of street vending status across surveyed towns in Bihar, with a focus on institutional functioning, vendor recognition, access to schemes, vending infrastructure, and enforcement practices. The analysis is based on primary survey data and supported by qualitative case studies to capture ground-level realities.
The findings are situated within a post-pandemic context, where street vendors continue to experience uneven livelihood recovery and varying access to institutional support. It indicates that while institutional mechanisms such as Town Vending Committees (TVCs) have been constituted in most towns, their functioning remains uneven. Variations in meeting regularity, participation, and follow-up actions affect the effectiveness of implementation. Stronger institutional performance is associated with better outcomes in vendor recognition and access to schemes.
In terms of formal recognition, a substantial number of vendors have received Certificates of Vending (CoV), reflecting progress in implementation. However, a significant proportion of vendors remains excluded, highlighting gaps in identification and coverage. Access to the PM SVANidhi scheme shows similar trends, with uneven distribution across towns and barriers related to awareness, outreach, and administrative processes. Gender disparities are also evident, with women vendors facing comparatively lower access to both recognition and financial support.
The development of vending zones remains limited across most towns. While several zones have been declared, their actual implementation and utilisation are often low due to issues such as land availability, inadequate infrastructure, and poor location planning. Case studies reveal varied patterns, ranging from strong implementation models to significant gaps and transitional stages.
Eviction and enforcement practices continue to be a major concern. In many instances, vendors are not provided prior notice, and arbitrary eviction practices are reported. Variations in fines and enforcement mechanisms indicate weak adherence to legal provisions and procedural safeguards.
Overall, the report highlights a clear gap between policy provisions and ground-level implementation. The findings suggest that outcomes are largely determined by the effectiveness of local institutional mechanisms, administrative engagement, and coordination with vendor organizations. Strengthening these aspects, along with improving infrastructure, enhancing scheme access, and ensuring inclusive participation, is essential for advancing the rights and livelihoods of street vendors. The report is intended to support evidence-based policy dialogue and strengthen implementation of street vending provisions in Bihar.
National Association of Street Vendors of India NASVI
